Cognitivism is the principle that subjective judgments should be treated as facts, and therefore can be proved right or wrong. The theory of Cognitivitism also includes the ideas of moral realism and moral subjectivism.
The three fundamental problems for Subjectivism are the lack of external standards for evaluating moral claims, potential conflicts between individual subjectivist viewpoints, and the possibility of moral relativism leading to moral skepticism.
Subjectivism.
The Theory of Moral Sentiments was created in 1759.
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Protagoras believed in personal relativism, in other words, simple subjectivism. Subjectivism means that any judgement a person makes is solely based on their personal opinion on the matter. This means that their view is neither right nor wrong because it is an opinion. He also believed that two people could not disagree on a matter, but simply voice their opinions.
There is no specific moral theory associated with Schulman and Mekler. However, Schulman and Mekler have made contributions to the field of moral development and psychology, particularly through their research on empathy and moral reasoning. They have also explored topics such as moral decision-making and ethical behavior in various contexts.
Subjectivism allows individuals to have their own unique perspectives and interpretations of the world without being bound by external standards. It promotes individual autonomy, freedom of thought, and creativity by valuing personal experiences and emotions. Additionally, subjectivism encourages open-mindedness and acceptance of diverse viewpoints.
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Lawrence Kohlberg developed a theory of moral reasoning that built upon Jean Piaget's cognitive development model. Kohlberg proposed a six-stage theory of moral development based on the reasoning behind moral decisions.
Teleological moral theory is a theory that judges the morality of an action based on its consequences or outcomes. It focuses on the end result or goal of the action rather than the action itself. Common forms of teleological moral theories include consequentialism and utilitarianism.