Who are important people in Judaism?

Answer 1

Abraham was the first Hebrew with whom God struck a covenant. All Jews are regarded as descendants of Abraham.

Moses was the person to whom God gave the Torah (known to Christians as the Pentateuch). Moses and his contemporaries were the first Jews.

Some important people are: Abraham, Joseph, Moses, and David.

Answer 2

There are many important figures in Judaism. For example, Moses, King David, Hillel and Anne Frank are all very famous Jewish people.

Answer:

Abraham (Genesis ch.11-25)

Isaac (Genesis ch.17, 21, 22 and 26)

Jacob (Genesis ch.25, and 27-35)

Joseph (Genesis ch.37, and 39-50)

Moses (Exodus ch.2 onwards)

Joshua, Deborah (Judges ch.4-5), Samuel, King David, King Solomon, King Hezekiah, Mordecai, Ezra, Hillel, Rabbi Akiva, Rabbi Judah ("the prince"), Rabbi Ashi, Rabbi Saadia Gaon, and thousands more.

A more complete list:

• Era of the Patriarchs:

Avraham, founder of Jewish belief, born 1812 BCE (= "Before the Common Era"). Abraham founded the tradition of monotheism, which is the belief in One God. See the attached Related Link for a fuller biography.
Yitzchak (Isaac), second of the Avot (Patriarchs), born 1712 BCE. See the attached Related Link for a biography of the three Patriarchs.
Yaakov (Jacob), third of the three Patriarchs, born 1652 BCE. See the attached Related Link for a biography.

• Era of the sojourn in Egypt:

Yosef (Joseph), born 1563 BCE, became Viceroy of Egypt. See attached Related Link.
The sojourn in Egypt was 1522-1312 BCE. The enslavement in Egypt began in 1428 BCE.

• Era in the Wilderness:

Moshe (Moses) was born in 1392 BCE. He played a key role in the Exodus, and brought down the Two Stone Tablets from God. See the attached Related Link for a biography.
The forty years in the Wilderness were 1312-1272 BCE.

• Era of Joshua:

The Israelites crossed the Jordan into Canaan, 1272 BCE.
Yehoshua (Joshua, died 1244 BCE), leader after Moses, led the conquest of Canaan. His period of leadership was 1272-1244 BCE.

• Era of the Judges. See the attached Related Link for the full list. The era of the Judges was 1244-879 BCE. Here are some of the prominent Judges:

Devorah became leader in 1107 BCE. She was a female Torah-sage and Judge who led a miraculous victory over a Canaanite king (Judges ch.4-5).
Gideon became leader in 1067 BCE. He led a miraculous victory over the Midianites (Judges ch.6-8).
Yiphtach (Jephthah) became leader in 982 BCE. He led a miraculous victory over the Ammonites (Judges ch.11).
Shimshon (Samson) became leader in 951 BCE. This Judge had unequalled strength and subdued the Philistines for many years (Judges ch.13-15).
Shmuel (Samuel) became leader in 890 BCE. He marked the transition from the era of Judges to the time of the kings.

• Era of the Kings. See the attached Related Link for the full list. The era of the Kings lasted until the destruction of the First Temple in 422 BCE.

Shaul (Saul), died 877 BCE, was first of the Kings. 1 Samuel ch.8-31. See the attached Related Link concerning Saul.
King David reigned 40 years, from 877 BCE. See the attached Related Link for fuller information.
The building of the First Temple commenced in 832 BCE, byKing Solomon, who reigned 40 years. See 1 Kings ch.6-8. The First Temple stood for 410 years.
Yerav'am ben Nevat (Jeroboam) took power in 796 BCE. He split the Ten Tribes (the Northern Kingdom of Israel) away from the southern Tribes (the Southern Kingdom) of Judah and Benjamin. 1 Kings ch.12.
Eliyahu (Elijah), 8th century BCE, famous prophet. See 1 Kings ch.17 until 2 Kings ch.2.
Yeshayahu (Isaiah), best-known of the Prophets, began his prophecies in 619 BCE.
Exile of the Ten Tribes by the Assyrians to points unknown, in 555 BCE. See the attached Related Link.
Yirmiyahu (Jeremiah) began his prophecies in 463 BCE. Warned about the impending Destruction.
Yechezkel (Ezekiel) prophesied, 429 BCE.
Destruction of the First Temple, in 422 BCE.

• Era of the Babylonian Exile (422-352 BCE):

Daniel interpreted Nebuchadnezzar's dream in 421 BCE.
Zerubavel led the Jewish return to Israel (Judea) in 371 BCE, after King Cyrus of Persia permitted it. 18 years later, another wave of Jews returned with Ezra.
The events of Purim (Scroll of Esther) were in 355 BCE. See the attached Related Link.

• Second Temple Era (422 BCE-68 CE):

Building of the Second Temple, 352 BCE. The Second Temple stood for 420 years. Soon after its construction, prophecy ceased.
Anshei Knesset HaGedolah - The Men of the Great Assembly. This Sanhedrin (high court of sages) sealed the canon of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), as described in the attached Related Link.
Alexander the great, 313 BCE.
Shimon HaTzadik died in 273 BCE. One of the early sages.
Writing of the Septuagint, in 246 BCE.
The revolt of Mattityahu the Chashmona'i (Hasmonean), against the Syrian-Greeks, in 168 BCE.
Miracle of Hanukkah, 165 BCE. See the attached Related Link.
Sh'lomit (Queen Salome) ruled 73-64 BCE. A brief period of peace in the turbulent Second Temple era.
The Romans gained control of Judea in 61 BCE.
Hillel, died 8 BCE. A beloved sage, famous for his humility.
Agrippa I (grandson of Herod) ruled, 21 CE (= "Common Era"). A rare instance of a benign Roman ruler. Not to be confused with Agrippa II, who ruled 35 years later.
Destruction of the Second Temple, 68 CE.
Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai, died 74 CE, gained the favor of Vespasian and managed to rescue a number of leading Torah-sages and brought them to the yeshiva (Torah-academy) in Yavneh.
Betar fell, and Bar Kochba's revolt ended in tragedy, 133 CE.
Rabbi Akiva, died 134 CE, was a leading Torah-sage throughout the Roman upheavals.
Rabbi Judah Hanassi, died 188 CE, completed the redaction of the Mishna (Oral Law), based on ancient tradition.
Rav (Rabbi Abba Aricha) left Israel and settled in Babylonia, 219 CE. Founded the yeshiva (Torah academy) of Sura. Died 247 CE.
Rabbi Yochanan was the leading Talmudic authority, 254 CE. Redacted the Jerusalem Talmud.
Rabbi Yehudah was the leading Talmudic authority, 298 CE. Disciple of Rav.
Abayei and Rava were the leading Talmudic authorities, 325 CE. These two participated in the redaction of the Babylonian Talmud.
Rav (Rabbi) Ashi was the leading Talmudic authority, 392 CE.
Final redaction of the Talmud, 475 CE. It was put in writing 25 years later.
The yeshiva of Pumbeditha was reopened (after Persian persecutions), 589 CE. Era of the Geonim begins.
The yeshiva of Sura was reopened, 609 CE.
Rabbi Yitzchak was the last Gaon (sage) of Neharde'a (Firuz-Shabur). 636 CE.
Rabbi Achai Gaon left Bavel (Iraq) for Israel, 755 CE.
The Halakhot Gedolot, an early codex of halakha (Torah laws), was written at this time. 759 CE.
Rabbi Amram (who put the Siddur [prayerbook] in writing), became Gaon (Torah-leader) of Sura. 858 CE.
Rabbi Saadya (882-942) was appointed Gaon of Sura, 928 CE. He led opposition against the breakaway Karaites. See the attached Related Link.
Four captive sages were ransomed at around this time, 955 CE. This event contributed to the spread of Torah-learning to lands other than Babylonia.
Rabbi Sherira (906-1006) became Gaon of Pumbedita, 968 CE.
Rabbi Hai Gaon (939-1038), last of the leading Babylonian Torah sages.
Rabbi Gershom Me'or HaGolah (c.960-1040) was the sage who decreed against Jewish polygamy.
Rabbi Isaac Al-Fasi (1013-1103) was the author of a major compendium of Halakha.
Rashi (Rabbi Shelomo Yitzchaki, 1040-1105), author of the greatest of the Talmud commentaries.
First recorded blood libel, 1144.
Rabbenu Tam (Rabbi Yaakov Tam, 1100-1170), a leading Talmudist. He was a grandson of Rashi.
The Rambam (Maimonides), 1135-1204, author of several major works in halakha and Jewish thought.
A massive burning of the Talmud took place in Paris, 1242.
The Inquisition began to use torture, 1252.
The Ramban (Nachmanides), 1194-1270, author of a leading commentary on the Torah.
All Jews were expelled from England, 1290.
The Maharam (Rabbi Meir) of Rothenburg (1215-1293), last of the Tosafists (early sages).
The Ralbag (Rabbi Levi ben Gershom), 1288-1344, author of a commentary on the Bible.
Rabbi Nissim (1320-1376), and other Torah-scholars in Spain, were imprisoned. 1367.
The expulsion of Jews from France, 1394.
Rabbi Yosef Albo (1380-1444) was in a forced debate with Christians, 1413.
The invention of printing, 1440s.
Rabbi Ovadya Bertinura (1445-1515), Rabbi in Yerushalayim from 1488, author of the leading commentary on the Mishna.
Jews expelled from Spain and Sicily, 1492.
Rabbi Yitzchak Abarbanel (1437-1508), Rabbi in Naples from 1493. Author of a book on Jewish thought.
All Jews were expelled from Portugal, 1496.
The Turks (Ottoman Empire) conquered the land of Israel, 1516.
Rabbi Joseph Caro (1488-1575) published the Shulchan Arukh, a leading text of Jewish law, in 1566.
Rabbi Isaac Luria (1534-1572), was a leading kabbalist.
The Maharal (Rabbi Loewe), 1512-1609, Rabbi in Prague from 1573. Maker of the legendary Golem.
Rabbi Shmuel Eidels (1555-1631), Rabbi in Lublin from 1614, author of a leading Talmud commentary.
Rabbi Yoel Sirkes (1561-1640), author of a major commentary on the Shulchan Arukh.
Rabbi Shabsei Cohen (1621-1662) and Rabbi David Halevi (1586-1667) publish leading commentaries on the Shulchan Arukh in 1646.
Chmielnicki massacres, 1648.
Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto (1707-1746), author of a famous text on piety.
Rabbi Israel Ba'al Shem Tov (1700-1760), founder of modern Hassidism.
The Pale of Jewish Settlement was established in Russia, 1791.
The Vilna Gaon (Rabbi Eliyahu of Vilna, 1720-1797), famous Talmudist.
Rabbi Chaim Yosef David Azulai (1724-1806), sage and biliographer.
Rabbi Nachman of Breslov (1772-1810), charismatic pietist and Hassidic leader.
Rabbi Yisrael Salanter (1810-1883), founder of the modernMussar movement.
Rabbi Meir Malbim (1809-1879), opponent of the secularists (Haskalah), authored a major commentary on the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible).
Rabbi Israel Meir Kohen (Chafetz Chaim), 1838-1933, beloved pietist and Talmudist.
Wave of Russian pogroms begins, 1881.
Rabbi Shlomo Ganzfried (1804-1886), author of the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch.
Rabbi Abraham Karelitz (Chazon Ish), 1878-1953, leading Torah sage in Israel from 1933.

And many more, ancient and recent.

Answer 3

Too many to count.

Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Joshua, David, Solomon, Isaiah, Mordecai and Esther, Ezra, Hillel, Rabbi Akiva, Rashi, Maimonides, and myriads more. See the following article for many more names and their corresponding dates:

http://Judaism.answers.com/jewish-history/timeline-of-jewish-history

Answer 4

• Abraham (Genesis ch.11-25).
  

Link: About Abraham

Other major names:

• Isaac (Genesis ch.17, 21, 22 and 26)
  
• Jacob (Genesis ch.25, and 27-35)
  
• Joseph (Genesis ch.37, and 39-50)
  

Link: About Joseph

• Moses (Exodus ch.2 onwards)
  

Link: About Moses

• Joshua, Deborah (Judges ch.4-5), Samuel, King David, King Solomon, King Hezekiah, Mordecai, Ezra, Hillel, Rabbi Akiva, Rabbi Judah ("the prince"), Rabbi Ashi, Rabbi Saadia Gaon, and thousands more.
  

Link: About King David

See also the other Related Links.Link: History of the Hebrew Bible

Link: Dates and major names in Jewish history

Answer 5

• Abraham (Genesis ch.11-25).
  

Link: About Abraham

• Isaac (Genesis ch.17, 21, 22 and 26)
  
• Jacob (Genesis ch.25, and 27-35)
  
• Joseph (Genesis ch.37, and 39-50)
  

Link: About Joseph

• Moses (Exodus ch.2 onwards)
  

Link: About Moses

• Joshua, Deborah (Judges ch.4-5), Samuel, King David, King Solomon, King Hezekiah, Mordecai, Ezra, Hillel, Rabbi Akiva, Rabbi Judah ("the prince"), Rabbi Ashi, Rabbi Saadia Gaon, and thousands more.
  

Link: About King David

See also the other Related Links.Link: History of the Hebrew Bible

Link: Dates and major names in Jewish history

Answer 6

Too many to count. Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Joshua, David, Solomon, Isaiah, Mordecai and Esther, Ezra, Hillel, Rabbi Akiva, Rashi, Maimonides, and myriads more.

Answer 7

Judaism doesn't work like that. We have no single important person whom the faith is clustered around. We have a long line of patriarchs, with special emphasis on Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.

Answer 8

Those knowledgably descended from...?

Jews.

Answer 9

Abraham, Isaac and Jacob