The Caliphate is the first government of Islam, which in theory would be considered a constitutional republic. It was headed by the Caliph, the head of state, and other officials who are representatives of the people, and they were required to govern based on a written constitution limiting the powers of government over citizens. The first Islamic Caliphate was headed by the Prophet's disciples as a continuation of the government established by him.
Abbasid Caliphate.
Rashidun Caliphate was created in 632.
Abbasid caliphate -- Baghdad Ummayyad Caliphate- Cordoba
Sharifian Caliphate was created in 1924.
Sokoto Caliphate ended in 1903.
Caliphate of Córdoba ended in 1031.
Abbasid Caliphate was created in 750.
Caliphate of Córdoba was created in 756.
The Almohad Caliphate lasted from 1121 to 1269.
The Rashidun Caliphate under Omar.
The Caliphate of Cairo
The Muslim Empire established by second Rashidoon Caliph Hazrat Umar RAU, the Ummayad Caliphate, The Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, and the Ummayad Caliphate in Spain