avoid the overland routes that were controlled by muslim traders
water routes
Baghdad, Cairo, and Damascus
The trade routes in the Songhai Empire ran across the Sahara Desert, connecting West Africa with North Africa and the Mediterranean region. These routes were critical for the transport of goods such as salt, gold, ivory, and slaves. The major trade cities in the Songhai Empire included Timbuktu, Gao, and Djenne.
the first major cities in the united states developed along waterways or either water routes.
The Spanish are a composite of Mediterranean and Nordic.
The Mediterranean Sea. The Black Sea. The Aegean Sea.
Historically, Muslims bridged the trade routes between Europe and Asia, especially in moving spices from India and Indonesia to the Mediterranean Coast.
Major islamic cities popolation wise are; Makkah, Madina in Saudi Arabia Islamabad and Lahore in Pakistan.
Desire of Europeans to find alternative routes to the East, not controlled by Muslim traders.
Islam spread via trade routes to West Africa and to Southeast via the Indian Ocean to Central Asia and China via the Silk Routes.
Mesopotamia had several important trade routes. The two most prominent were the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, which served as major waterways for transporting goods and connecting cities. The Silk Road, an ancient network of trade routes connecting the East and West, also passed through Mesopotamia, allowing for the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between different civilizations. Additionally, caravan routes connected Mesopotamia with regions like the Persian Gulf, the Mediterranean, and Central Asia.