Judaism was the first religion to proclaim that (1) there is only one God, (2) that this God has no image and (3) this God desired to be in fellowship with the created being, man. Judaism is also the birthplace of Christianity and Islam. In spite of being one of the smallest of nations, Judaism has consistently maintained a presence for over 4,000 years *as a national identity*. Despite its size, Judaism has produced more scholars, educators, and artists of various disciplines than any other religion or nationality of its size.
Judaism gave the world the Ten Commandments, Western Monotheism, and many other moral, social and legal concepts. Many of the Western laws, traditions, and values are directly attributable to Judaism.Link: History of Judaism
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The Temple was destroyed. This was the greatest catalysts in the develpoment of Judaism.
No special significance. Interestingly, some say that King David had red hair.
The significance is that it became the foundation of modern Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.
A Jewish house of worship is called synagogue. The country of Israel is also of deep significance to Jews.
Molars are teeth. They have no special significance in Judaism.
The Hebrew religion developed into modern Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Abraham; the founder of judaism moses; freed the Jews from slavery
If you are talking about the vegetable, it has no special significance in Judaism. There is also no Hebrew word for shallot, but you can use the word betsaltsel (בצלצל), which means "small onion".
No. Judaism was not the first monotheistic religion.
Jesus may have been crucified, but that event doesn't have significance in Judaism.
The Holy Land is Israel; and it's where Judaism and Christianity started.