Judaism considers a person as comprising a body and a soul.
Upon death, the body ceases to live and the soul continues a spiritual existence.
Depending on the merits achieved during the physical life, the soul's placing after life will be determined, simply stated, in either heaven or hell. The length of stay in hell is in proportion to the transgressions committed against the will of G-d.
At some moment in time when G-d considers it appropriate, there will be a general revival of the dead. The souls will return to earth and the dead bodies will be resurrected, and the souls and bodies will once again be united.
One of the central beliefs of Judaism, as stated in the Talmud (Mishna, Sanhedrin 11:1) and codified by Maimonides (1135-1204), is that the soul continues to exist and is treated in accordance with the person's actions while he or she was alive. This applies to all people, whatever their religion.
The Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) doesn't dwell at length on the afterlife; and nor does Judaism spend a lot of time speculating on its details. However, that is not meant to diminish from its importance. Rather, the Torah implies that we are to use the bulk of our energies in keeping God's ways in this world, with our feet firmly planted on Earth, while nonetheless not losing awareness of our beliefs.
Our ancient sages stated the importance of being aware of the next world: "This world is a mere entrance-hall before the afterlife" (Mishna, Avot ch.4).
All outstanding accounts are settled after this life. Some cases illustrate this point, since this entire world wouldn't be enough to reward a Moses or punish a Hitler. And while we're alive, knowledge of the future world serves as one of the motivations to keeping God's will.
The Tanakh does not delve into detail of the rewards of the righteous because religions could compete with more and more poetic promises. Also because belief in the afterlife was shared by all ancient societies and needed little reiteration. Besides, it would be like describing the colors of a sunrise to someone who was blind from birth.
It is, however, referred to briefly in Torah verses such as Genesis 15:15, which states that "You (Abraham) will come to your fathers in peace and will be buried in good old age." Coming to his fathers does not mean simply to be buried with them, since Abraham was not buried with his ancestors. Such verses are stated many times.
The prophets are more explicit with such references (see Isaiah 26:19 and 66:24, Daniel 12:13, Zechariah 3:7, 1 Kings 8:30, 2 Kings ch.2, Ecclesiastes 12:7). The afterlife is spoken of at length in the Talmud. More than 20 pages of Talmud (Sanhedrin 90-110, Rosh Hashanah 16-18, and other passages) are given to this subject.
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The way your question is written it reads as "In what ways does Judaism bring death about in the world?" Judaism does not cause people to live or die. Therefore Judaism cannot effect death.
Judaism (the Torah) itself is their meaning and has the answers.
There are a number of relevant definitions for a wake. For the meaning of "hold a vigil," the answer is a qualified Yes, since in Judaism we do not leave the body of the deceased alone, from death to burial. Customarily, one person sits near the body in this interim; and it can be done by different people in shifts. For the meaning of "holding a memorial celebration," the answer is No.
Yes.
Adonai
Certain sins. In actual practice, the death penalty (in Judaism) has not been imposed for two thousand years.
No meaning. The only point is not to pray in its presence.
The Romans were polytheistic meaning they worshiped many gods. Judaism was and is monotheistic.
VoleLoveOvel (In Judaism: a mourner, especially during the first seven days after death)Levo (A combining form or prefix meaning pertaining to, or toward, the left; as levorotatory)
The cross is not a symbol within the religion of Judaism, it is strictly a Christian symbol. That being said, from a historical perspective, to the majority of Jews view the cross is a symbol of death and persecution.
In Jewish belief, Jesus may have lived as a person, but nothing more. His birth and death are not viewed as anything and he plays absolutely no role whatsoever in Judaism.
According to halakhah (Torah law), the deciding factor in death is presence or lack of a heartbeat.