Qordova/Cordoba in Spain under Ummayyad Caliphate.
The Caliphate is the first government of Islam, which in theory would be considered a constitutional republic. It was headed by the Caliph, the head of state, and other officials who are representatives of the people, and they were required to govern based on a written constitution limiting the powers of government over citizens. The first Islamic Caliphate was headed by the Prophet's disciples as a continuation of the government established by him.
The Islamic Caliphate which had the greatest impact on history is the Abbassid Caliphate which reigned from the 750 C.E. up to 1258 C.E. when they were conquered by Hülegü Khan (brother of Kublai Khan and grandson of Genghis Khan).
The title of the Islamic Empire was Caliphate. The Caliph was called Amir-ul-Momineen.
Arabian muslims, Andalusia was the capital of the Islamic Caliphate.
The Muslim Empire established by second Rashidoon Caliph Hazrat Umar RAU, the Ummayad Caliphate, The Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, and the Ummayad Caliphate in Spain
The Fatimid Caliphate, an Islamic caliphate ruled by the Fatimid dynasty, was the Muslim power in Jerusalem before the First Crusade. They controlled Jerusalem and its surrounding territories in the 10th and 11th centuries.
A Caliphist is a proponent of a caliphate, a unified Islamic government of the Muslim world.
There is no such thing as "the Muslim Empire". There were numerous (over 25) distinct Islamic Empires that all had distinct rises and falls at different times and places.The Rashidun Caliphate, the first Islamic Empire was at its height in 660 C.E., just before the Fitna al-Kubra (the First Islamic Civil War). The Umayyad Caliphate in the Middle East was at its height in 750 C.E., just before it was overthrown by the Abbassids. The Abbassid Caliphate had its height in the 9th-11th centuries when the Islamic Golden Age happened. The Umayyad Caliphate in the Spain had its height at roughly the same time as the Abbassids. The Ottoman Empire's golden age was in the 1500s, the Acehnese in the 1200s, the Mughals' in the 1600s, Mysore had a peak in the 1700s as did Zanzibar, etc. So there was no single moment when all Islamic Empires reached their peak.
Laws were based on the religious teachings of Muhammad.
The closest translation of "Califato de Córdoba" in English is "Caliphate of Cordoba." It refers to the period in Islamic history when Córdoba was the capital of the Islamic Caliphate in the Iberian Peninsula.
It depends on the Islamic Empire in question. Assuming that you are talking about the Abbassid Caliphate (which is most commonly referred to as "the Islamic Empire"), the group that brought them down was the MONGOLS.