There are many such books, but of them the Talmud is the most famous both within and outside of the Jewish community. Its purpose is to explain the Torah and to add details based on tradition, which the Torah omits because of brevity. Like the Torah, it also includes narratives and historical information. The Talmud was handed down orally, but 1510 years ago the Sages put it in writing, due to the concern that it might become forgotten in the vicissitudes of the Jewish exile.
Judaism is not a sacred text, it is a religion and that religion happens to have a sacred text. To learn more about Judaism's Sacred Text, read the Related Question.
Yes.
Judaism
Yes.
Judaism and Christianity.
The Torah.
No. The Talmud is an explanatory legal treatise in Judaism. It is not a "sacred text" nor is it affiliated with Christianity in any way. (The Jewish sacred text is the Tanakh or Jewish Bible.)
The Torah is an example of the sacred Jewish text that contributes to Judaism.
No. You can read more about the sacred text of Judaism at the Related Question below. Yahweh is the archaeologists' approximation of the Jewish God's name, although nearly all religious Jews regard "Yahweh" as entirely inaccurate.
Quran the holy book
The Torah is the MOST sacred text of judaism and the tamlud is commentaies, stories, and folklore.
Deuteronomy - which is one of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament). These 5 books are also known as the "Book of Moses" or the "Torah".