Answer 1
The first complete English translation of The Bible was the 'Wycliffe' in 1380.
The Geneva Bible was the first Bible with chapter and verse divisions in 1560.
Chapter divisions were created by Stephen Langton in 1227AD. Verse divisions by Robert Stephanus in 1551 and 1555AD.
Answer 2
This question can be answered in different ways.
The Gutenberg Bible was the first Bible that came off a 'printing press'. That was approx. 1455. In German.
But the Bible was 'hand written' before that. John Wycliffe did one in 1380's. In English.
The Vulgate was the first Latin Bible, approx 400 C.E..
The Greek Septuagint was the first TRANSLATION of the Old Testament from Hebrew into Greek. That was probably around 300 BC.
Legalism is not a person or a book or Bible but rather a problem. When people focus on God's rules rather than on His mercy, grace, forgivness and the freedom we have in Christ this focus is called "legalism". There is no book for legalism. When someone focuses too much on rules that person is referred to as being "legalistic". Such as when puritans focus on being good rather than God's love. When we only think about rules and punishment for infractions of rules we are forgetting about forgiveness and focusing on being good rather doing good unto others.
There are quite a few names. The Tanakh describes the 3 parts of the Hebrew Bible (Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvi'im).
Torah is the first 5 books (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers).
Nevi'im are the prophetic books (like Isaiah and Jeremiah).
Ketuvi'im translates as "writings". These encompass books like Psalms and also history and census data (like Chronicles and Kings).
The Tanakh can also be referred to as a Chumash, Hebrew Bible, among a few other names (depending on the style and what type of translations/commentaries are added if any).
Note: While some may also call it the "Old Testament", Jews consider that inaccurate because there are differences in the translation and sequence of books when comparing a Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament of a Christian Bible.
The Tanakh (Jewish Bible).
The Jews call these books The Tanakh (Jewish Bible), while the Christian name is the old Testament.
The Jewish Bible is called the Tanakh.
Reformed Judaism believes that the Bible is the main source for the rules of Judaism.
Judaism accepts parts of the Christian Bible as sacred, but treats the entire Jewish Bible as sacred.
Judaism's real name, in English, is "Judaism".
Judaism is drawn from the Jewish Bible (Tanakh). To read more about the Jewish Bible, please see the Related Question.
The Bible influenced the three religions of Christianity, Islam and Judaism.
Christianity and Judaism share all of the old testament books.
The Tanakh (Hebrew Bible).
Judaism: Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) Christianity: Bible Islam: Holy Quran
No, they do contain laws, but they are not law; they are referred to as the Pentateuch.