0
Want this question answered?
Be notified when an answer is posted
Add your answer:
Earn +20 pts
What has the author C A R Radford written?
C. A. R. Radford has written: 'The Clunaic Abbey of Crossraguel' 'Brixworth Church' 'Glasgow Cathedral'
How did clunaic reforms address church problems?
They reformed the medieval monasteries that had been corrupted by local aristocrats and lords who forcefully inserted loyal subjects into monasteries to gain the wealth and spiritual influence of these independent institutions. The Clunaic reforms pressured all monasteries to return to the rule of St. Benedict internally, particularly giving up [illicit] sexual relations and the buying/selling of offices or appointment in monasteries. These reforms incited bishops within the Church proper to follow the reforms as well until finally, monasteries were brought under the jurisdiction of the Church and the appointment of Popes and bishops was made the exclusive right of the Church (see also, Lay Investiture and Pope Pope Gregory VII, once a Benedictine monk associate with this reforming system). These reforming aims were enforced by the Church through the power of excommuniation & anathema, making the interference of lay rulers in Church matters dangerous to the political control of the aristocratic lords under them. However, these reforms and the efforts of the Church to remove their matters from secular interference made the Church more powerful than many rulers and effectively entwined secular and spiritual issues more tightly thoughout the next several centuries of the Middle Ages.
Who did the monks of the cluny want to select the church leaders?
Cluny Abbey was founded in 910 as an aristocratic Benedictine monastery, adopting a strict interpretation of Benedictine rules. At its founding, it was made responsible only to Pope Sergius III. Many Clunaic houses were established throughout Europe, answerable to the mother house at Cluny Abbey, thus by-passing the authority of the local bishops. Educated Cluniac monks worked with aristocratic patrons, taking secular positions, and also filling many bishoprics. Their greatest impact was in reforming both Church and society. In addition, Cluny was closely associated with the Papacy throughout its history. Bruno, who later became Pope Leo IX (1049-1054), was zealous in supporting the spread of the Cluniac house. When Bruno went to Rome, he took with him a young Italian, Hildebrand, who was a continuing element in the reforms instituted by successive popes, finally being appointed himself as Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085). The house of Cluny also continued to support Hildebrand's reforms after his death, with two monks of Cluny from that time later becoming Popes, namely Urban II (1088-1099) and Paschall II (1099-1118). Some time after this, Cluny itself was revived by Peter the Venerable (died 1156). He revived the discipline of the house. During Peter's time, its monks became bishops, legates and cardinals throughout France and the Holy Roman Empire (i.e. the German federation of the time, under an "Emperor"). Therefore, one could say that the monks of Cluny were themselves appointed as Church leaders, although I would consider it to be crass to limit the response to this statement, since their higher level of education, social status and piety were the major contributing factors to their success.
The monks of Cluny wanted the what to select church leaders?
The Church
