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Ushabtis (shabtis, shawabatis) (plural) were humanoid talismanic figurines buried in ancient Egyptian tombs which were supposed to perform labour for their master in the afterlife (eg to 'move the sand from the west to the east').
They first appeared in the Middle Kingdom, but are very scarce from this period, coming into frequent use in the 18th & 19th dynasties when fine quality pieces were made. Those dating from the Third Intermediate period tend to be quite crude, but there was a revival during the 25th/26th dynasties when pieces of high quality appear again.
In the Late Period as many as 400 may be found in one tomb, giving rise to the (inaccurate) statement that there was 'one for every day of the year'. Groups of thirty worker ushabtis were 'managed' by one overseer or reis shabti, who usually carried a whip and wore a protruding triangular skirt.
Ushabtis were most frequently made of 'faience', a ceramic material made from crushed quartz and plant ash, but are also found in wood, terracotta, stone and bronze amongst other materials.
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What were mummy shaped servant statues that were put in tombs?
Shabtis or ushabtis are both terms used to describe this figures.
Mummy shaped amulet?
It is called a ushabti, also spelled as shabti.
How big are shabti's?
Shawabtis (or ushabtis or shabtis) - from ancient Egyptian wshb, to answer- are thought to have been servants for the dead person in the afterlife, in exactly the same way that they had real servants in this life.They only represented the "spirit servant" who would answer whenever the dead person's spirit called them, so they did not need to be full-size; most are only a few inches tall (perhaps in the range 3 to 7 inches, 7.5 to 18 cms).The link below takes you to a display of shawabtis in the British Museum collection:
What were mummy-shaped figures called used to guard the tombs?
The Mummy shaped figures you are talking about may be "Shabtis." These were small statues placed in a tomb with the body. They were in the form of humans, also mummified, and served as slaves or servants in the afterlife. Egyptians believed that leaving the Shabtis with the mummy would ensure easy living in the Duat*. They would be inscribed with spells and enchantments. These said that they would do anything the deceased ordered. * Egyptian afterlife, land of the dead
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