What do Ultra-Orthodox and Non-Religious Jews disagree about?

Answer 1

Answer 1

Ultra-orthodox Jews believe in following the teachings according to the book. Non-religious Jews permit adding in new ideas to the religion.

Answer 2

Ultra-Orthodox Jews and Non-Religious Jews disagree about almost everything. Some particulars include (with the Ultra-Orthodox view in brackets first and the Non-Religious view in brackets second):

• What kind of clothes to wear [Strictly modest clothes] [Modern Western clothing]
• Whether the Oral Torah was revealed [Yes] [No]
• What the term Jewish State should mean [theocratic state] [ethnonationalist state]
• Whether God exists [Certainly] [Most likely not or Not Interested]
• Whether the Jewish festivals should be celebrated [Certainly] [Only Important Ones]
• Whether the Torah is the paragon of ethics [Certainly] [Not Really]
• Whther modern technology should be used [Only when necessary] [Without Issue]
• Whether marriage should be arranged [Matchmakers are recommended] [Love-matches are preferred]
• What age-range people should marry around [early 20s] [mid-30s]
• How many kids should you have [As many as God gives] [As many as you can afford and wish to have]
• Whether it is desirable to socialize with Non-Jews [Only when necessary] [Certainly]
• Whether to live in a mixed (Jewish and Non-Jewish) community [No] [Either Or]
• Whether it is permitted to use Hebrew to communicate [Not ideally, other than religious contexts] [Just like any other language]
• Whether or not it is permitted to work on Shabbat or Holidays [No] [Yes]
• Whether to go synagogue [Every Day] [A Few Times Annually]

Answer 2

All Jews have the same Torah.Orthodox Jews believe that the Torah must be fully observed (Deuteronomy 13:5). They keep the laws of Judaism as codified in the Shulchan Arukh (Code of Jewish Law), which lists the laws of the Torah and Talmud. Torah-study is seen as very important (Deuteronomy 5:1); and the modern world is seen as subservient to the Torah (Talmud, Nedarim 32a), not the other way around.
Other Jewish groups (Conservative, Reform) adapt, curtail or change the Torah-laws in contemporary life, to a greater or lesser degree.See also:

Types of Jews

What is life like for religious Jews

Modern challenges for observant Jews

Also, in Israel specifically:

1) Many Jewish immigrants were encouraged or pressured (especially in the 1950s) to leave their Orthodoxy. This still happens, through such avenues as the media, which is largely very anti-Torah. Obviously, we religious Israelis would like to see that change.

2) The official, gov't sponsored majority school system (mamlakhti) is secular. Rates of alcohol-use, drug use and violence (for example) are much higher than among religious school students. Here too, we would like to see change. However, the secular establishment is so "allergic" to Torah that they prefer to endure the ills of their society (teen suicides, teen abortions, etc.), rather than try encouraging stronger Judaism as a solution.

3) The government has sponsored such forbidden things as digging up graves, public Sabbath-violations, and tens of other examples.

4) Unlike in the U.S.A., when a politician here (except in the minority religious parties) invokes mention of God, it creates a political brouhaha, as if a contemptible thing has been committed.

5) The religious community is discriminated against in housing, allocations, school funding, etc.

These are just a very few examples.

See also:

Orthodoxy and Zionism before the founding of modern Israel