In the Catholic Church, there is no "Sacrament/s of the dead" Only sacraments of the living or near dead.
Here is the list of all the sacraments you can receive as a Catholic:
---- Baptism
Cleanses you of original sin and makes you a child of God.
---- Confession (Also known as the sacrament of reconciliation)
Cleanses you of all your sins and gives you the peace of mind that you know all the sins you confessed are completely forgiven.
---- Holy Communion
You receive the body, blood, soul, and divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ.
---- Confirmation
Makes you a full Catholic and fills you with the Holy Spirit.
---- Marriage
Joins together a couple and makes them one so that they can support each other and help each other to grow, especially in faith.
---- Holy orders
Dedicates the recipient to God and brings him/her closer to Him, You become a religious.
---- Anointing of the sick
Hopefully the final holy communion and final confession you'll get before death. It prepares you for a holy death.
Roman Catholic AnswerSacraments of the dead are those sacraments which are given to people who are spiritually dead in sin, baptism and penance are both sacraments of the dead. Sacraments of the living mean that one must be alive in Christ, i.e. in a state of grace to even receive the sacrament: Confirmation, the Holy Eucharist, Marriage, Holy Orders are all sacraments of the living. Unction or anointing is a mixed sacrament containing elements of both. To receive a sacrament of the living while in a state of serious sin is, itself, a very grievous sin of sacrilege.
Eucharist (Communion) is one of the four sacraments of initiation along with Baptism, Reconciliation and Confirmation; it is called a Sacrament of the living as you must be in a state of grace to worthily receive it. Sacraments such as Baptism and Penance are "Sacraments of the dead" because you are dead in your sins when you receive them, and they restore you to a state of life.
Roman Catholic AnswerSacraments are usually divided into Sacraments of the Living and Sacraments of the Dead. The later (Sacraments of the Dead) mean that can be received by a person who is "dead" due to their sin or not in a state of grace: baptism, penance, and, if needed, anointing of the sick. The other Sacraments (confirmation, the Eucharist, matrimony, and the priesthood) may only be received fruitfully in a state of grace, and are thus called Sacraments of the Living. Of those four, only confirmation, matrimony, and the priesthood are received validly in a state of grave sin, but with no grace, and with the commission of the grave sin of sacrilege. The Eucharist is also truly received by a person not in a state of grace, but, again, with the sin of sacrilege. Anointing is in a class by itself as it is technically a sacrament of the living as a person should be in a state of grace to receive it but it can be received by a person not in a state of grace. from Modern Catholic Dictionary by John A. Hardon, S.J. Doubleday & Co., Inc. Garden City, NY 1980
Because the sacraments do not help the dead because the soul has already separated from the body. But for unconscious people, the soul and the body are still together, and the sacrament can help them.
The sacraments of initiation are Baptism, Holy Eucharist, and Confirmation. The sacraments of service are Holy Orders and Matrimony. The sacraments of healing are Reconciliation and Extreme Unction.
Sacraments of Healing
The Sacraments of Service are: Holy Orders and Matrimony
Baptism, Confirmation & the Holy Eucharist
The Sacraments are a Gift to us from Christ.
The optional sacraments are Marriage, Ordination, and Unction.
Judaism doesn't have sacraments and there is no Church in Judaism. Both sacraments and church are strictly Christian entities.
No, the sacraments were initiated by Jesus Christ.