1) According to careful research, the original tradition, which was widespread, was monotheistic. However, it died out completely in a relatively brief span of time. This belief does not refer to a specific people, country, or named religion, since it was not centralized or organized.
2a) The first continuous monotheistic tradition and religion as we know it, was and is Judaism, the tradition founded by Abraham. It began 3800 years ago, and its founding principle is that God is One. This was well before the Egyptian king Akhenaten, who in any case (according to tradition) was influenced by Israelite beliefs.
2b) Some might claim that monotheistic Judaism started later, as (for example) King Josiah made reforms in the late First Temple period. However, this is the view of secular academe, and flies in the face of tradition. Judaism had already been monotheistic for eight centuries by the time of Josiah. All he did was to eradicate the traces of the idolatrous influences of those Jews who had strayed from their own religion. This had happened repeatedly (such as with Jehoshaphat [2 Chronicles 17:6], and Samuel before him [1 Samuel 7:3-4]); and those who strayed into pagan practices never encompassed the entire Israelite people.
3) Zoroastrianism, which might be suggested as another early contender, is not such a clear matter. There is no consensus on when Zoroaster lived. Moreover, the Zoroastrians believed in two gods, not one. The Jewish Sages who redacted the Talmud in the early centuries of the Common Era lived in Babylonia, witnessed the practices of the Zoroastrians, and recorded this fact (Talmud, Sanhedrin 39a). In addition, in Zoroastrianism:
The birthplace of the major Abrahamic monotheistic religions is Jerusalem. However, a much earlier monotheistic religion is known as Zoroastrianism, which probably originated in southern Russia before migrating to eastern Iran and eventually spreading to Persia in western Iran.
The short-lived religion of Pharaoh Akhenaten, in the fourteenth century BCE is generally considered to have been monotheistic. It long preceded the evolution of Jewish monotheism in the late monarchy of Judah. Other monotheistic religions came and went in the first millennium BCE, without leaving much evidence behind.
Israel
No. The birthplace of Judaism was Israel. Nineveh was a non-Jewish city in Iraq where Jonah went to prophesize.
It is Israel.
Christianity, Islam, Judaism
The birthplace of Judaism is Sinai in Egypt per Torah God revelation to Prophet MosesThe birthplace of Christianity is East Jerusalem in the Palestinian Territory per the Bible God revelation to Jesus.The birthplace of Islam is Makkah (or Mecca) in Saudi Arabia per Qur'an God revelation to Muhammad.Peace be upon them all.
Christianity!
The Koran is the religious text of Islam. The Torah is the core religious text of Judaism. Neither are places.
I wouldn't call it the birthplace of religion, but Jerusalem has played an important role in 3 major religions, which are (in chronological order) Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. None of these religions actually were born in Jerusalem.
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (three of the world's top 20 religions) all began there.
Judaism began when Abraham started practicing the ways of God, and teaching others, in his birthplace of Ur. Later he continued in Canaan.
Because it was the birthplace of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam and they were discovered as one religion. Over time people found their differences and went their separate ways.
Judaism began in the area now known as the State of Israel. The first Christians were Jews, and their ideology evolved in the same place. Islam began in the area now known as Saudi Arabia.