The leaders of each church mutually excommunicated each other.
Protestant: pastors Catholic: pope, cardinals, bishops, and priests Orthodox: bishops and priests
From the creation of the Church since the issue of the Edict of Milan in 313 AD/ CE and the Nicinian Creed in 380 there were two religious leaders the Pope who was sited in Roma and the Patriarch in Constantinople who still is the leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
From the creation of the Church since the issue of the Edict of Milan in 313 AD/ CE and the Nicinian Creed in 380 there were two religious leaders the Pope who was sited in Roma and the Patriarch in Constantinople who still is the leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
AnswerThe principal early Christian sects are generally known today as Catholic Orthodox Christianity and Gnosticism, although other groups also existed.Roman state patronage for the Catholic Orthodox Church ensured that it was able to expropriate the property of other sects that did not share its views, and provided a cover for persecution until there was essentially only one Christian Church left in the Roman Empire.The view held by religious authorities in the mainly Greek-speaking eastern regions was that there were 5 senior leaders, or Metropolitans, in this Christian Church, one of whom was the bishop of Rome. However, the bishop of Rome, designated in the west as the Pope, insisted that he had greater authority than the other Metropolitans. Gradually, differences built up until the Great Schism of 1054, when Pope Leo IX, through his legates, excommunicated Patriarch Michael I, and Patriarch Michael I excommunicated the papal legates (Leo having already died). There were attempts at reconciliation and the Churches came close to being reunited in 1274 and in 1439, but the schism eventually became permanent.The western Church, based on Rome, has become known as Roman Catholic, while the eastern Churches have become known as Orthodox Churches.
The most visible distinction is that Roman Catholics recognize the supremacy of the Pope in Rome, while the Eastern Orthodox Church doesn't. The Orthodox Church does not have one single leader: the Patriarchs of the several East European countries are all supreme leaders of 'their' Church. The Patriarch of Constantinople traditionally is seen as the 'first among equals' but that is more a courtesy title than an expression of real supremacy. All other distinctions concern often obscure points of theological doctrine, such as the fact that Roman Catholics consider Father, Son and Holy Ghost as a trinity, while the Eastern Orthodox Church sees them as a 'duality', linking the Holy Ghost to the Father only. Finally: when they cross themselves, Orthodox believers go from right to left, Roman Catholics from left to right.
They are leaders of the catholic church.The Catholic Church
Only the Roman Catholic Church and the Coptic Orthodox Church use the term 'pope' for their leaders. Other Orthodox Churches, including the Greek Orthodox, use the term Patriarch.The present Coptic pope is Pope Tawadros II.
It held councils, wrote books, met the leaders, talked to them. Basically did everything it could to show Luther and his followers how they were wrong and when they did not re-reform it excommunicated him and his followers.
No Orthodox groups recognise Reform conversions.
False
The head of the Orthodox Church is Jesus Christ. The spiritual leaders are the four Ancient Patriarchates (ie. Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem) followed by the leaders of the "Autocephalous" (self-governing) churches, such as Moscow, Greece, Serbia, etc. The Orthodox Church has no pope as the sole leader. The highest authority in the Orthodox Church is an Ecumenical Council (or Synod) that consists of the spiritual leaders (or their representatives) from the whole Orthodox world.