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A:The Church Fathers of the second century noticed that, when laid side by side in the Greek language, they could see a great deal of common material in the synoptic gospels (Matthew, Mark and Luke). They was an obvious literary dependency, and they decided that Matthew's Gospel was first and that Mark and Luke were written from it. They might even have attributed this gospel to Matthew, on of the disciples of Jesus, for this very reason.

Modern scholars agree that there was a literary dependency but say that Mark's Gospel was actually the first New Testament gospel. They now realise that Matthew and Luke were copied from Mark.

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A:The Gospel According to Saint Matthew was written anonymously and was not attributed to Matthew until later in the second century. As with Luke's Gospel, Matthew was based in large part on Mark's Gospel, and it contains some 600 of the 666 verses in Mark. Whenever Matthew agrees with Mark, it does so in the same order and often in the same words in the Greek language, something that could not happen if the two authors were relying on separate traditions or even the same oral tradition. Again in common with Luke, Matthew also contains a substantial amount of sayings material from the hypothetical 'Q' document.

The author of Matthew wanted to demonstrate that the life of Jesus was the fulfilment of the Hebrew scriptures. More than any other New Testament gospel, it contains references to the Old Testament, seeking to show that the life and mission of Jesus were foreshadowed or prophesied in the scriptures. However, he was influenced by the Septuagint, a flawed, early Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures, not by the original Hebrew versions. As a result, some material he used is not really true to the Old Testament books as written, but was influenced by earlier translation errors.

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Q: How was Matthew's Gospel influential in the writing of the other Synoptic Gospels?
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