The Quran is recited in all ritual prayers (in both the compulsory prayers and the voluntary prayers).
In addition, Quran includes lots of verses that learn us how to pray God asking him for forgiveness, for his mercy, for blessing us with good family, to bless us with recover from illness, to accept us in his paradise, to protect us from Hell, to guide us to his right path, to keep us away from Devil and evil, ... etc.
For Muslims to recite Quran, occasionally, before or after praying.
Praying, learning the Holy Quran, learning about Islam in general.
It is not clear what is meant by a prayer book. Muslims have their holy book Quran. During the prayers (Salat), which is the second pillar of Islam five pillars, Muslims recite some verses of Quran. Also when praying for God and asking his forgiveness and mercy and asking for His blessings they may use in these praying some verses from Quran.
You don't need to while reading, but you have to while praying.
It may happen to have some Islamic and Quran teaching courses and/or sermons.
Eating pork, the five pillars of Islam, Ramadan, and praying 5 times a day.
To not disturb or confuse the people around you who are praying and reciting a different surah.
First you recite Surat Al - Fattiha then you can recite any Surat form the Quran
help
There is no evidence that praying in general helps at all with anything, except perhaps as a meditation tool. Therefore I would say that praying to Mecah did not help astronomy.
The Quran is the words of Allah and sunnah follow the Quran as a path to help them to enter paradise, they read the Quran, they believe in Allah, and they believe that Allah wrote the holy Quran (which he did).
There is neither specific number for reading Quran, per religion, nor specific time duration when reading Quran. However, all Muslims are required to recite Quran during praying which could account for tens of times a day.