Jewish people welcome the "Shabbat" also known as "Sabbath" with several occasions. An important part of Judaism is acknowledging the fruits of the earth as a gift from God. One of the occasions Jews celebrate to welcome the "Shabbat" begins on the Friday evening. Judaism prescribes the recitation of blessings before and after eating, before enjoying fragrant aromas such as spices, or upon seeing pleasing sights such as rainbows. This is when the women of the house, or one of her children, light special candles and ask for God blessing on her household. The man of the mouse pronounces a kiddish over wine and bread. It is followed by a festival meal which brings together all of the family and is brought to an end with songs and a grace.
There are two main aspects to Shabbat observance: what we do and what we don't do.
What we don't do: we're not permitted to work on the Shabbat (Exodus ch.20). This includes 39 categories of productive interaction with the world, such as planting, writing, kindling fire, etc. (Talmud, Shabbat 73b).
What we do: candles are lit, customarily by the lady of the household, around 20 minutes before sunset on Friday afternoon. We then attend synagogue for the Friday afternoon prayer (mincha), the kabbalat Shabbat (ushering in of the Shabbat), and the Shabbat evening prayer (maariv).
On Shabbat morning, we again attend synagogue. The services are longer than on weekdays and include prayers as well as reading the weekly Torah-portion. There's often a kiddush (refreshments) afterwards, and congregants have a chance to schmooze (to talk). Towards the late afternoon, there's another (short) service (Shabbat mincha).
After Friday night services and on Shabbat morning after services, we come home, often with guests, make kiddush (blessing over wine), and have a leisurely multi-course Shabbat meal including singing and words of Torah. Customarily, that week's Torah-reading (parsha) will be a topic of conversation; and the children of the family will have a chance to speak of what they've learned in school.
After that, Shabbat is a quiet time: no phones, radio or TV (etc.), just schmoozing, taking walks, visiting friends, reading, learning Torah, playing Board Games, etc. Husband and wife, in particular, finally have a chance to be together after a hectic week.
There is typically a Friday night service, and a Saturday morning service. Each is followed by kiddush, which can be as simple as saying blessings over wine and then bread, where everyone gets a small cup and a bite. Kiddush is usually augmented with a social hour over coffee and light food, but is sometimes expanded into something close to a banquet. There may also be a Saturday afternoon service. All services center on a standing prayer of 19 blessings called the Amidah. To an outsider, what you see is typical religious service: People sit at times, stand at times, sing songs, do responsive readings, read from the holy books, have a procession around the sanctuary, and there is a fair amount of liturgical chant. The structure of the services, whether you're Orthodox, Reform, or any other branch of Judaism, is scripted in a prayerbook called the Siddur. Each Jewish movement has edited at least one edition of the Siddur.
At the end of the Sabbath, there is a little ritual called Havdalah. The Sabbath ends about an hour after Sunset, or when 3 stars (not planets) are visible in the evening sky. The Havdalah ceremony involves a braided or multiwick candle, which is lit with a blessing praising God for creating the light of fire. Following this, there is a blessing for creating the smell of spices, whereupon a spice box is passed around for people to smell, and then a blessing for creating the fruit of the vine. After taking a sip of the wine, the candle is plunged into the cup, extinguishing it. The final blessing praises God for distinguishing between the sacred and profane, and between the Sabbath and the rest of the week. Two songs are traditional after this, one wishing everyone a good week, and the other yearning for the prophet Elijah to usher in the messianic era.
The same way Jews in all other countries do.
yes for ordodox and ultra-orthodox jews reform jews might adapt the rules of shabbat
No, that violates the Shabbat.
Fewer Jews are observing the Shabbat laws.
The Shabbat is observed by all Jews, both men and women. However, it is the women who traditionally light the Shabbat-candles.See also:Women and the lighting of the candles
they rest for the day
Shabbat
Shabbat Shalom is a greeting that Jews say to each other on Shabbat (the sabbath). It means "A peaceful Shabbat"
No, Orthodox Jews do not use phones during Shabbat except for major emergencies such as someone's life being at risk.
Orthodox Jews live in Australia, so they observe Shabbat, too.
Because for 3300 years the Jews have kept the Torah-tradition of Shabbat-observance.
Conservative Jews are less strict than Orthodox Jews. Not all Conservative Jews keep Shabbat.