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A midrash is a form of commentary that attempts to interpret The Bible. Matthew used midrash aggada, a form of story-telling ("Aggada" means "story" or "telling" in Hebrew). Jewish midrashim are often fanciful, but it is not required of the faithful that the literally believe any one midrash. If a better midrash is found, then Jews were permitted to switch allegiances and accept the newer midrash as a true explanation of a biblical text.

How many passages unique to Matthew should be termed Christian midrash depends on how broadly we define the term. Certainly, John Shelby Spong calls Matthew's story of the magi, or wise men, Christian midrash. The flight to Egypt, Herod's Slaughter of the Innocents and the journey from Egypt to Nazareth are equally clearly midrash.

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Q: How did Matthew use midrash?
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What is the purpose of the midrash?

The purpose of Midrash is to teach about the Scripture and how to use the Scripture


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The Slaughter of the Innocents is in the nativity account in Matthew's Gospel. This somewhat contradicts the story in Luke's Gospel, and John Shelby Spong (Born of a Woman: A Bishop Rethinks the Birth of Jesus) says that Matthew was clearly writing Christian midrash.


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Which King sent out the Magi?

Matthew's Gospel states that the magi came from the east, but does not say whether they were sent by a king. John Shelby Spong (Born of a Woman: A bishop rethinks the birth of Jesus) says that among the people he knows in New Testament circles, the universal assumption is that the magi were not actual people. Matthew was clearly writing Christian midrash. No one sent the magi.


Was Matthew's Gospel written primarily for Jews?

John Shelby Spong says the author was a Jew familiar with midrash storytelling, but his primary language must have been Greek. Hershel Shanks believes Matthew was probably written for a Christian community in Antioch. This community could of course have consisted of former Jews.If indeed Matthew's Gospel was written for Jews, they could only have been Greek-speaking Jews of the diaspora, unfamiliar with the Hebrew scriptures, as Matthew only refers to the Septuagint Old Testament and even relies on translation errors in the Septuagint.


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