Not necessarily, but it helps. Much of the value system of Judaism is about community: praying, supporting, working, studying in community. Surely you can study and do mitzvot (good deeds) and tikkun olam (repairing the world), as an individual. But at its best, the synagogue provides a community where those efforts are multiplied, and each person gains from the contributions of others.
No. Unlike Christianity, there is no requirement or need in the Jewish religion for non-Jews to convert.
as Synagogue is to Jew
Maybe, if it's a non-denominational synagogue.
Yes.
It depends on how religious the particular Israeli Jew is. Most Israeli Jews are Secular Jews and therefore rarely go to synagogue more than a few times a year if that. However, a quarter of Israeli Jews are Orthodox and go to synagogue every morning and often throughout the day.
How much a Jew worships in a synagogue varies greatly, and is not dictated by religion. Traditional Jews pray 3 times a day, but not necessarily in a synagogue. Jews go to a synagogue to assemble with other Jews and to preserve the Jewish community, in addition to prayer and study.
It depends on how pious they are. A religious Jew will pray three times a day at the synagogue (although two of the prayer services will be done together). Secular Jews can sometimes go years between entering a synagogue.
Prayer, Torah study, discussing communal affairs, and weddings.
as a Jew when i go i feel very religious and i feel like if i do something bad there (talk,text,phone goes off) i feel like gods gonna get mad at me and not allow me into heaven.
A synagogue is the place where a Jew preys to God. A synagogue is a temple, just like a mosque or a church. A synagogue is led by a rabbi (Jewish priest) and the service often involves preyers in Hebrew.
No. Jewish custom is never to enter the house of worship for another religion.
No one works as a priest in a synagogue. Although Jewish men know if they belong to the priestly tribe today, there is no active priesthood in Judaism.
The same reasons young and middle aged people go to a synagogue.