Not necessarily, but it helps. Much of the value system of Judaism is about community: praying, supporting, working, studying in community. Surely you can study and do mitzvot (good deeds) and tikkun olam (repairing the world), as an individual. But at its best, the synagogue provides a community where those efforts are multiplied, and each person gains from the contributions of others.
No. Unlike Christianity, there is no requirement or need in the Jewish religion for non-Jews to convert.
as Synagogue is to Jew
Maybe, if it's a non-denominational synagogue.
Yes.
It depends on how religious the particular Israeli Jew is. Most Israeli Jews are Secular Jews and therefore rarely go to synagogue more than a few times a year if that. However, a quarter of Israeli Jews are Orthodox and go to synagogue every morning and often throughout the day.
How much a Jew worships in a synagogue varies greatly, and is not dictated by religion. Traditional Jews pray 3 times a day, but not necessarily in a synagogue. Jews go to a synagogue to assemble with other Jews and to preserve the Jewish community, in addition to prayer and study.
Prayer, Torah study, discussing communal affairs, and weddings.
It depends on how pious they are. A religious Jew will pray three times a day at the synagogue (although two of the prayer services will be done together). Secular Jews can sometimes go years between entering a synagogue.
as a Jew when i go i feel very religious and i feel like if i do something bad there (talk,text,phone goes off) i feel like gods gonna get mad at me and not allow me into heaven.
A synagogue is the place where a Jew preys to God. A synagogue is a temple, just like a mosque or a church. A synagogue is led by a rabbi (Jewish priest) and the service often involves preyers in Hebrew.
No. Jewish custom is never to enter the house of worship for another religion.
No one works as a priest in a synagogue. Although Jewish men know if they belong to the priestly tribe today, there is no active priesthood in Judaism.
The same reasons young and middle aged people go to a synagogue.