Jesus directly instituted two sacraments, Baptism and the Lord's Supper (or Holy Communion, commonly called the Eucharist or the Mass); five others, Confirmation, Holy Matrimony, Reconciliation (confession and absolution), Ordination and Anointing of the Sick, are commonly called sacraments, but were not directly instituted by him.
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Our Blessed Lord directly established seven sacraments for our salvation. The three sacraments of initiation are baptism, confirmation, and the Most Holy Eucharist. There are two sacraments of service: matrimony and Holy Orders. And finally there are the sacraments of Penance and Anointing. Penance is for us to reestablish a state of grace when we make a shipwreck of our life after baptism by sinning. Anointing is for very severe illness, in danger of death. The sacraments that one normally repeats frequently throughout life and are necessary for most people's salvation are confession (Penance) and the Eucharist. Baptism is the most necessary sacrament as salvation is dependent upon it, according to Our Blessed Lord, and one cannot receive any of the other sacraments until after baptism.
There are seven sacraments in the Church: Baptism, Confirmation or Chrismation, Eucharist, Penance, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony.