A captain's wheel is typically referred to as a ship's wheel or a steering wheel. It is used by the captain or helmsman to steer the vessel.
No, however some airline pilots are captains.
Charts
The circle in the wheel is called the rims
A captain's superior is typically called their commanding officer or a higher-ranking officer.
The Dallas Cowboys' captains wear stars on their captains patch.
It's called a Mag wheel.
A tooth on a wheel gear is called a cog.
NBA teams have captains.
Single (just one captain) - The captain's table. Plural (many captains) - The captains' table. or The captains' tables.
The steering wheel of a ship or boat is called the wheel, sometimes the trick wheel on ships with multiple steering systems. The propeller of the boat or ship is sometimes also called the wheel or screw.
The outfits worn by the captains in Bleach are called Shihakusho, which consists of a white haori (captain's coat) worn over a black kosode (robe) and hakama (pants). Each captain also wears a unique haori with a specific design and symbol representing their division.
A steering wheel on a sail boat is still called a steering wheel.