A broken bone and a fractured bone are actually the same thing. They both refer to a bone that has been damaged and may be partially or completely cracked.
A fractured arm is an arm that contains one or more broken bones.
A phalanx is a toe bone. Thus a fractured proximal phalanx is a broken toe.
The hypothesis of a broken leg is that you fractured your leg.
Very. It may even be broken.
Well first, if it's broken you will be bruised, swollen and unable to walk. If you sprained it it'll be about the same as fractured, which means pain, but DO NOT continue walking on it, because it will get worse. Go see a doctor and get xrays.
Your clavicle, as obviously stated, is what you broke.
Lack of lubrication or defect in the metal.
Typically no. A broken jaw is when your mandible gets fractured (usually in two places). Your cheek is formed by the zygomatic bone, which is part of your fused skull. But the coronoid process of the mandible is right next to the zygomatic bone, so I guess it might be possible for both to get fractured in the same injury.
More or less the same difference between a broken pencil and an unbroken pencil, except the bone has the potential to heal.
Best way to know is to get an xray
No. It means broken, disintegrated, busted.