Mainly the Chinese and Irish built the railroads in the USA. In the UK it was mainly the Irish.
The first railroads carried raw materials and finished goods.
Cotton from the south(apex)
Ferries mainly carry people an vehicles
the advantage of canals over railroads was they could carry heavy materials quickly to where they where needed where as rail was not able to carry very much. Canals, while harder to build, were less expensive to operate.
Vanderbilt mainly controlled railroads, southern railroads in particular. His fortune started during the Industrial Revolution and it has been controlled by his family ever since.
Financiers mainly. This question is not precise. Which country do you mean? When are you talking about?
Boats and railroads
coal industry
Trucks and railroads carry most of the freight.
Waste
Mainly to carry oxygen to your organs..