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According to trait theory, human personality is composed of a number of broad traits or dispositions. Early theories attempted to describe every possible trait. For example, psychologist Gordon Allport identified more than 4,000 words in the English language that could be used to describe personality traits. Later, Raymond Cattell analyzed this list and whittled it down to 171 characteristics, mostly by eliminated terms that were redundant or uncommon. He was then able to use a statistical technique known as factor analysis to identify traits that are related to one another. By doing this, he was able to reduce his list to 16 key personality factors.
According to Cattell, there is a continuum of personality traits. In other words, each person contains all of these 16 traits to a certain degree, but they might be high in some traits and low in others. The following personality trait list describes some of the descriptive terms used for each of the 16 personality dimensions described by Cattell.
- Abstractedness: Imaginative versus practical
- Apprehension: Worried versus confident
- Dominance: Forceful versus submissive
- Emotional Stability: Calm versus high strung
- Liveliness: Spontaneous versus restrained
- Openness to Change: Flexible versus attached to the familiar
- Perfectionism: Controlled versus undisciplined
- Privateness: Discreet versus open
- Reasoning: Abstract versus concrete
- Rule Consciousness: Conforming versus non-conforming
- Self-Reliance: Self-sufficient versus dependent
- Sensitivity: Tender-hearted versus tough-minded.
- Social Boldness: Uninhibited versus shy
- Tension: Impatient versus relaxed
- Vigilance: Suspicious versus trusting
- Warmth: Outgoing versus reserved
Cattell also developed an assessment based on these 16 personality factors. The test is known as the 16 PF Personality Questionnaire and is still frequently used today, especially in business for employee testing and selection, career counseling and marital counseling. The test is composed of forced-choice questions in which the respondent must choose one of three different alternatives. Personality traits are then represented by a range and the individuals score falls somewhere on the continuum between highest and lowest extremes.
References
Cattell, R. B. (1946). The description and measurement of personality. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace, & World.
Cattell, R. B. (1957). Personality and motivation structure and measurement. New York, NY: World Book.
Conn, S.R., & Rieke, M.L. (1994). The 16PF Fifth Edition technical manual. Champaign, IL: Institute for Personality and Ability Testing, Inc.
What else can I help you with?
How many source traits did Cattell use in developing his personality inventory?
Cattell initially identified 16 source traits in developing his personality inventory. These traits served as the foundation for the 16PF (Sixteen Personality Factor) questionnaire, which assesses key dimensions of personality.
How many four letter personality types are in the Myers Briggs personality system?
There are sixteen four-letter personality types in the Myers Briggs personality system, with each type representing a combination of four different preferences: extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving.
What is a Myers Briggs test?
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a popular personality assessment tool that categorizes individuals into one of 16 personality types based on their preferences in how they perceive the world and make decisions. It is used to understand different personality preferences and behavior patterns in individuals.
What does the five factor personality inventory for children FFPI-C measure?
Taken from the Five Factor Personality Inventory - Children (FFPI-C) manual: The Five-Factor Personality Inventory - Children (FFPI-C) is a standardized norm-referenced inventory of personality traits for children and adolescents. The FFPI-C is based on the modern five-factor model of personality, also known as big-five personality theory. It measures the traits, Agreeableness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, and Emotional Regulation. Psychologists, mental health professionals, or researchers can use the FFPI-C. The FFPI-C was normed on a diverse demographic sample of 1284 children and adolescents residing in 16 states. Testing takes approximately 15 to 40 minutes.
What are the Myers Briggs personality factors?
Myers Briggs has many different factors, you will probably end up getting 4 letters the I/E, N/S, T/F, J/P, these represent different factors of your personality. The first letter tells how you are around others, extroverted people which are represented with the letter E will prefer to be around people and will feel energized around them where Introverted people will prefer to stick to themselves. The N/S tells you how you get information iNtuitive people, which are represented by the letter N get their information through sequencing and seeing patterns and having it like a 6th sense these people are also very focused on the future. Sensing people get their information from their 5 senses and are more focused on the present and prefers something concrete rather than abstract. T/F refers to how people make decisions, people who Thinkers make decisions that they seem logical and not by how they feel about them they are also critical and what to seek the truth. Feelers on the other hand make decisions by how they feel and are empathic towards others. P/J this is how people display these traits, Perceiving people are seen as more flexible and layed back, where Judging people are more likely to be scheduled and to finish things that they have started. Also if you are about 50/50 you might end up with an X as one of your letters and this just means that you display traits of both when it comes to that factor.
Who formulated the 16 personality factors?
The 16 Personality Factors, measured by the 16PF Questionnaire, were derived using factor-analysis by psychologist Raymond Cattell.
Raymond Cattell's Personality Factor Questionnaire can be used to?
Raymond Cattell's Personality Factor Questionnaire can be used to assess an individual's personality traits based on 16 factors, such as warmth, dominance, and sensitivity. It provides insights into an individual's behavioral patterns, attitudes, and interpersonal dynamics, making it valuable for both research and clinical applications in psychology.
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Raymond Cambefort died on 2008-01-16.
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Raymond Lyttleton died on 1995-05-16.
When was Raymond A. Curfman born?
Raymond A. Curfman was born on 1915-06-16.
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Raymond Lavigne was born on 1945-11-16.
When was Raymond Couderc born?
Raymond Couderc was born on 1946-09-16.
When was Raymond Préfontaine born?
Raymond Préfontaine was born on 1850-09-16.
When was Raymond Riotte born?
Raymond Riotte was born on 1940-02-16.
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Raymond Privat was born on November 16, 1924, in France.
What is Raymond U. Lemieux's birthday?
Raymond U. Lemieux was born on June 16, 1920.
When was Raymond U. Lemieux born?
Raymond U. Lemieux was born on June 16, 1920.
