The problem with coalitions is that in order for two or more political parties to work together, they have to compromise, so nobody gets exactly what they want, and sometimes they can't agree at all and the coalition becomes paralysed. Government by a single party can act more decisively.
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By "single party system" is usually meant a country which allows only one political party; for example, in the USSR only the Communist Party was allowed, and when they had elections, only Communists could run for office. Eventually the USSR came to an end, and was broken up in 16 nations, which now have multi-party systems (although Russia seems to be slipping back into a kind of de facto Dictatorship under Putin). Single party systems tend to be authoritarian and tyrannical. Democracy is a sham unless you have more than one party to choose from.