Penelope asks the beggar for information about Odysseus without realizing she is speaking to Odysseus himself!
The irony in Polyphemus's curse on Odysseus is that he unknowingly calls on Poseidon to exact revenge on himself. Polyphemus is unaware that Odysseus is disguised as "Nobody" when Odysseus blinds him, leading Polyphemus to ask Poseidon to punish "Nobody." This irony contributes to the cunning and cleverness of Odysseus in escaping the Cyclops.
Maron, from Ismarus, was spared by Odysseus. So in return, Maron gave Odysseus the wine. Hope this helped :)
Odysseus implicitly tells Telemachus not to string his bow, even though he can. Odysseus later signals Telemachus to prepare for battle after Odysseus has performed the feat of strength and skill.
In Homer's "The Odyssey", Odysseus receives directions on how to get to Hades from the goddess, Circe. In order to get Tiresias to answer his questions about what fate awaited him in the future, he had to take an offering of a ram.
Athena helps Odysseus.
It's ironic because while Odysseus' loyal dog recognizes him, none of the human characters do. This highlights the deteriorated state of Ithaca in Odysseus' absence, as his household, including his wife and servants, fail to recognize him, while the dog, a symbol of loyalty and fidelity, does. Homer is showing the lack of proper care and attention given to Odysseus' home during his long absence.
Penelope's interview with the beggar is ironic because, unbeknownst to her, the beggar is actually her husband, Odysseus, in disguise. Despite spending years waiting for his return, Penelope fails to recognize him, showcasing her loyalty and patience. This encounter reveals the power of disguise and the testing of identity within the epic narrative.
Because she tests him with moving the huge bed in their chamber, which coincidentaly was made by Odysseus before his troubles. Odysseus therefore knows that the bed is made out of the huge olive tree that grows within the house.
In the end, after Odysseus and his men escape, the cyclops eats nobody since they have all escaped.
Hermes gives Odysseus a magic herb to protect him from the power of Circe. Yes, this is true.
Maron: a priest of Apollo who gives Odysseus a gift of powerful wine