Deciduous trees - that is, trees that drop their leaves annually - have many different pigments in the leaves. During the growing season, the chlorophyll (the green pigment) is dominant. Chlorophyll reacts with water and sunlight to generate energy for the plant.
In the autumn, when the trees go dormant, the chlorophyll breaks down. The other pigments were in the leaves all along, just "hidden" by the chlorophyll. When the green pigment breaks down, the other colors become visible. The color that the leaves turn depends on the species of the tree. Maples turn scarlet or yellow, oaks turn a bronze-brown shade, aspens and birches bright gold, and so on.
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Some trees losetheir leaves during summer so they will have less leaves to water. When they lose their leaves, they no longer need water for those leaves so during summer, when there is little rain or water, they can conserve the little water they get. :D