Common vegetables which grow above ground include:
Broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, asparagus, spinach, lettuce, cabbage, various greens, celery, rhubarb.
Squashes (including pumpkins), tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, eggplant, Okra, green beans and peas are technically fruits, but they are used as vegetables. Peanuts are a special case: they are legumes similar to beans and peas, the fruit pods form above ground but they force their way into the ground to mature.
Vegetables that grow underground include:
Potatoes, carrots, parsnips, beets, radishes, turnips, onions, garlic.
Onions do not grow underground an onion bulb is a swollen stem.
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Most vegetables grow above ground. Some are: tomatoes squash okra peas beans broccoli cauliflower peppers corn spinach lettuce Some that don't grow above ground are carrots, turnips, potatoes.