No, but the names of individual languages are capitalized.
Earth, as in we live on the planet Earth, is supposed to be capitalized. Earth, as in the dirt we walk on, is not supposed to be capitalized.
No, the word "weekend" is not supposed to be capitalized unless it is used at the beginning of a sentence or as part of a proper noun, such as the name of an event or a title.
Usually, yes a phase of the moon is supposed to be capitalized.
No, it shouldn't be capitalized.
No it shouldn't be capitalized.
Yes, book names are typically capitalized. The first word, last word, and all other important words in the title should be capitalized. However, conjunctions, articles, and prepositions are usually not capitalized unless they are the first word of the title.
Yes, names of countries are capitalized.
Yes, America should be capitalized.
no
Yes, "Pterodactyl" is supposed to be capitalized as it is a proper noun referring to a specific genus of pterosaur.
No, herb names are not capitalized unless they are part of a proper noun or at the beginning of a sentence.