The object has weight - that is, gravity is pulling it down.
However, the table is in the way, and it gets "squashed" by the object's weight, so it exerts a "normal reaction force" upwards on the object.
The downward weight and upward reaction force cancel out, so the book stays still on the table.
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An object on a table does not crash to the ground because it experiences a normal force from the table equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force of gravity pulling it downward. This normal force provides the necessary support to keep the object in equilibrium on the table.
In a crash, the kinetic energy of a moving object is converted into other forms of energy, such as heat, sound, and deformation of the object involved in the crash. The amount of kinetic energy involved in the crash depends on the mass and velocity of the objects involved.
When an object is charged by induction, electrons flow from the ground onto the object, neutralizing the charges between the ground and the object. This process redistributes the charges on the object, creating an induced charge without direct contact.
When pulling an object on a table, the reaction force will be equal and opposite to the pulling force exerted on the object. When pushing an object on a table, the reaction force will be equal and opposite to the pushing force exerted on the object. In both cases, the table exerts a reaction force to prevent the object from moving.
When a charged object touches the ground, electrons can flow from the object to the ground or vice versa, depending on the net charge. This equalization of charges with the ground neutralizes the object, causing it to lose its charge.
Some examples of mechanical equilibrium include a stationary object resting on a table, a hanging object at rest, and a person standing still on the ground. In each case, the forces acting on the object are balanced, resulting in no net acceleration or movement.