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The effects of entropy are to create progressively disordered states.

For energy, this means that energy sinks to its lowest state - the ground state.

For heat, this is around 2.7 K (degrees absolute), the temperature of outer space.

Since energy must be transferred ("flow") to do work, it's not currently possible to get ground state energy to move - there is no large volume of any lower temperature for it to "flow" to.

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14y ago
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5mo ago

Not all energy can be used to do work because some energy is lost as heat due to inefficiencies in conversion processes. In any energy transformation, some energy is always dispersed in the form of heat, which is not able to perform useful work. This is known as the second law of thermodynamics.

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Q: Why can't all energy be used to do work?
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