In the field of physics, particles were discovered by J.J. Thomson through his work with the electron. Waves, on the other hand, have been understood and studied for centuries, with contributions from various scientists like Isaac newton, Thomas Young, and Max Planck.
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Electrons exhibit characteristics of both waves and particles, known as wave-particle duality. They can behave as waves in certain experiments and as particles in others.
Transverse waves are waves in which the particles move back and forth perpendicular to the direction of the wave. Longitudinal waves are waves in which the particles move back and forth parallel to the direction of the wave. Sound waves are an example of longitudinal waves, where air particles vibrate in the same direction as the wave travels.
Mechanical waves are produced by the vibration of particles in a medium. This vibration causes the particles to transfer energy to neighboring particles, creating a wave that propagates through the medium. Examples of mechanical waves include sound waves and seismic waves.
Transverse waves move the particles of the medium perpendicular to the direction in which the waves are traveling. Longitudinal waves, on the other hand, move the particles of the medium parallel to the direction in which the waves are traveling.
Waves can be classified as transverse or longitudinal based on the direction of movement of individual particles. In transverse waves, particles move perpendicular to the direction of the wave, while in longitudinal waves, particles move parallel to the direction of the wave.