Work is considered to be zero when the force applied is zero or when there is no displacement of the object in the direction of the force.
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No work is done when a force is applied to an object that does not move because work is defined as the product of force and displacement in the direction of the force. If there is no displacement, then no work is done.
To minimize work, the angle between force and displacement should be 90 degrees (perpendicular). This is because work done is calculated as the dot product of force and displacement vectors, and the cosine of 90 degrees is 0, resulting in zero work. To maximize work, the angle should be 0 degrees (parallel), as the cosine of 0 degrees is 1, resulting in maximum work done.
Since the car does not move, the boy does no work on the car. Work is only done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force.
The work done by the force, ( f ), to move the pendulum from ( theta 0 ) to ( theta theta0 ) is equal to the change in potential energy of the pendulum.
The work done in holding the object at a constant height is zero, as there is no change in the object's position. Work is calculated as force multiplied by distance, and since the object is stationary, no work is being done against gravity during this time.