Which part? The Top part of your arm is the brachial. Then your elbow is the Cubital. the lower arm (the part with the raidus and ulna) is the Antebrachial. Your wrist is the Carpal, your palmar comes next (its your palm), and then your Phalanges (fingers).
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The smaller bone in the lower arm is called the radius. It runs alongside the ulna and helps to form the structure of the forearm.
Keeping the lower arm of the lever in a horizontal position after applying the load ensures that the lever is balanced, allowing for efficient and effective use of the lever's mechanical advantage to lift the load. If the lower arm is not horizontal, the lever may become unbalanced, making it difficult to control the load and potentially causing accidents.
That hole is called a sleeve. It allows you to put your arm through and comfortably wear the garment.
The prime mover for pulling the arm posteriorly is the latissimus dorsi muscle. It is a large muscle that originates in the lower back and attaches to the upper arm bone. When the latissimus dorsi contracts, it helps to pull the arm towards the back of the body.
The product of force and lever arm distance in producing rotation is torque. Torque is a measure of the rotational force applied to an object and is calculated by multiplying the force applied by the lever arm distance at which the force is applied.