Radiation is emitted from something and travels from its point of origin to somewhere else.
When radiation hits something else (and is therefore stopped) the thing that has been hit is said to have been irradiated.
Thus a sunbather is undergoing irradiation by radiation emitted by the sun.
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Radiation refers to the emission of energy in the form of waves or particles, such as from the sun. Irradiation, on the other hand, is the process of exposing something to radiation, such as using radiation to kill bacteria in food. Radiation is the energy itself, while irradiation is the application of that energy to a substance.
The irradiation formula used to calculate radiation exposure in a given area is: Exposure (E) Dose Rate (DR) x Time (T).
Food can be preserved through irradiation to kill harmful bacteria and pests.
Infrared radiation is of a much lower frequency (and a longer wavelength) than X-rays.
One key difference between infrared and ultraviolet radiation is their wavelengths. Infrared radiation has longer wavelengths than visible light, while ultraviolet radiation has shorter wavelengths. Additionally, ultraviolet radiation is more energetic than infrared radiation.
Gamma irradiation sterilizes by damaging the DNA/RNA of microorganisms, which prevents them from replicating. The high-energy gamma rays break apart the genetic material, rendering the microorganisms unable to function or reproduce. This process is effective in killing various types of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi.