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The relationship between the length, material, and inductance of a wire is that the inductance of a wire increases with its length and the type of material it is made of. A longer wire and a wire made of a material with higher conductivity will have higher inductance.
When an electric wire is bent, the material comprising the wire undergoes deformation. The atoms within the material shift positions as the wire is bent, causing a change in its physical structure. This deformation can affect the wire's electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.
The resistivity of a material does not depend on the diameter of the wire. Resistivity is an intrinsic property of the material and is constant regardless of the wire's diameter.
Electricity can pass through the rubber cover because rubber is actually a good insulator, meaning it doesn't conduct electricity. The electricity flows through the wire inside the rubber cover, which acts as a barrier to prevent the current from passing through the rubber material itself. In a parallel circuit, the current has multiple paths to take, so it bypasses the rubber covering and flows through the wire.
A copper wire can be used to make an electromagnet by wrapping it around a magnetic core material such as iron. When an electric current flows through the wire, it creates a magnetic field around the wire, which magnetizes the core material.