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The input force is the force applied to a machine to make it work, while the output force is the force generated by the machine in response to the input force. The output force is what produces the desired work or movement from the machine based on the input force applied.
In a first-class lever, the fulcrum is located between the input force and the output force. In a second-class lever, the output force is located between the fulcrum and the input force. In a third-class lever, the input force is located between the fulcrum and the output force.
Levers are divided into three classes based on the relative positions of the input force, the fulcrum, and the output force. Class 1 levers have the fulcrum positioned between the input and output forces, class 2 levers have the output force between the input force and the fulcrum, and class 3 levers have the input force between the fulcrum and the output force.
In a class 3 lever, the direction of the input force is opposite to the direction of the output force. The fulcrum is located at one end, the input force is applied between the fulcrum and the output force, making the output force move in the opposite direction to the input force.
The input force is the force applied by the person using the hammer to pull the nail. The output force is the force exerted by the hammer on the nail to pull it out of the board. The output distance is the distance the nail moves as it is being pulled out of the board.
The formula for work exerted by each simple machine is: Lever: Work = Input force × Input distance = Output force × Output distance Inclined plane: Work = Input force × Input distance = Output force × Output distance Pulley: Work = Input force × Input distance = Output force × Output distance Wheel and axle: Work = Input force × Input radius = Output force × Output radius Wedge: Work = Input force × Input distance = Output force × Output distance Screw: Work = Input force × Input distance = Output force × Output distance