Because transmutation, the change of one element into another, is only accomplished by some kind of change in the nucleus of an atom. It's a nuclear change, and a nuclear reaction is the only change that will facilitate transmutation.
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Nuclear transmutation is a rather general term for a change in the nucleus of an atom. This change can be any one of several different types. The nucleus can either lose a particle or two in radioactive decay, or it might absorb a particle and undergo change in that way. The key is that the change in the nucleus actually changes the atom involved from one element into another. There are a number of different processes that cause nuclear transmutation, and one is radioactive decay. Links can be found below, and if you follow them, you'll find more information.
One example would be, uranium-238 decays into thorium-
234 and an (alpha) particle.
The disintegration of U-235 to Th-231:
235U----------------alpha particle----------------------231Th
transmutation - same as the alchemists called it.
No, transmutation involves changing one element into another via nuclear reactions, while nuclear fission is the splitting of an atomic nucleus into smaller parts. While new elements can be formed during fission, it is not considered transmutation as the original element's nucleus is merely being split.
Transmutation does not occur in nuclear fission, where atomic nuclei are split into smaller fragments. Transmutation involves changing the identity of an atomic nucleus by altering the number of protons and neutrons it contains, which occurs in nuclear fusion reactions and radioactive decay processes.
nuclear fission
Transmutation is caused by changing the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which can occur through nuclear reactions such as fission or fusion. These reactions can result in the transformation of one element into another, creating new isotopes or elements.