A transverse wave is a type of wave where the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer. The particle displacement in a transverse wave moves up and down, or side to side, rather than back and forth. Examples of transverse waves include light waves, water waves, and seismic S-waves.
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That is the definition of "surge".
Wave velocity is the speed at which a wave travels through a medium. It is determined by the frequency and wavelength of the wave, following the equation velocity = frequency x wavelength.
A wave profile describes the shape of a wave over time or space. It includes characteristics such as wavelength, amplitude, and frequency that help to define the properties of the wave.
The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position. It is a measure of the wave's intensity or energy. In simpler terms, it represents the height of the wave crest or the depth of the wave trough.
A wave pulse is a single disturbance or variation that travels through a medium, carrying energy without carrying matter. It is a single, non-repeating wave that can be produced by a single event or source.