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Small 'g', or gravitiational acceleration, the acceleration that objects near the surface of the Earth have (supposing they are not withheld by any force), is not constant. It is slightly larger at the Poles (because the radius of Earth is smaller) and slightly smaller on the Equator. Its value is approximately g = 9.8 m/s2 = 32.2 ft/s2. The variation is less than 1%.

Capital 'G' is a universal constant, also related to the gravitational force. It gives the force of attraction between two bodies, with the following formula:

F=G*m*M/(r2), where m and M are the masses of the two bodies and r is the distance in between. Because G is quite small (G=6.67*10-11), gravitational attraction is virtually unrecognizable except between Earth (which has a humongous mass) and masses close to it.

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