Seismic waves, specifically compressional (P-waves), squeeze and pull rock in the same direction that they travel. These waves cause particles in the rock to oscillate back and forth along the direction of propagation.
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Tensile stress is the force that pulls rock apart, causing it to break or fracture. This type of stress occurs when rocks are stretched in opposite directions, leading to the formation of cracks or faults in the rock.
P or Primary waves are longitudinal waves that move rock particles back and forth in the same direction that the wave travels.
Gravity is the force that pulls pieces of rock downhill. It is the force of attraction between two objects, which causes objects with mass to be drawn towards each other.
The rock is undergoing elastic deformation, where it is able to return to its original shape once the stress is removed. This is because the forces applied are below the rock's yield strength, preventing any permanent change in shape.
The primary body wave that is a longitudinal wave is the P-wave (primary wave). It is the fastest seismic wave and travels through the Earth's interior by compressing and expanding the rock in the direction of the wave's propagation.