The mass defect formula is used to calculate the difference in mass between the nucleus of an atom and the sum of its individual nucleons. It is calculated by subtracting the actual mass of the nucleus from the sum of the masses of its individual protons and neutrons.
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To calculate the phase difference between two waves, you can measure the difference in their starting points or peaks. This difference is usually expressed in degrees or radians.
and the fact that it is stable to estimate the strength of the strong nuclear force between nucleons. assume the distance between nucleons is 10−15 m
Nuclear binding energy is the amount of energy required to hold the nucleus of an atom together. It is the difference in energy between the mass of the individual nucleons and the mass of the nucleus as a whole. The higher the nuclear binding energy, the more stable the nucleus.
The difference is due to the binding energy that holds the nucleus together. When nucleons come together to form a nucleus, energy is released as the strong nuclear force overcomes the electromagnetic repulsion between protons. This released energy contributes to the mass of the nucleus through Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle (E=mc^2), and accounts for the discrepancy between the individual nucleon masses and the actual mass of the nucleus.
To calculate the potential difference between two points in a circuit, you can use Ohm's Law, which states that voltage (V) equals current (I) multiplied by resistance (R). The formula is V I x R. By knowing the current flowing through the circuit and the resistance between the two points, you can calculate the potential difference.