When a car goes over a hill, the physics principles involved include potential energy, kinetic energy, and centripetal force. As the car goes up the hill, potential energy increases due to its height. At the top of the hill, this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the car accelerates downward. Centripetal force keeps the car moving in a curved path as it goes over the hill.
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The skier going up the hill gains potential energy due to its height increase, which is stored energy that can be released when the skier goes back down the hill. As the skier goes down the hill, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion.
The friction involved in a wagon moving down a hill is mainly kinetic friction between the wheels and the ground. This friction slows down the wagon and prevents it from accelerating uncontrollably. It is affected by factors such as the weight of the wagon, the angle of the hill, and the condition of the wheels and the surface.
When a bike goes up a hill, mechanical energy from pedaling is converted to gravitational potential energy as the bike gains height. When the bike goes down the hill, the gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy as the bike accelerates. Frictional forces also convert some of the energy to heat.
The car will have the most kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill where it has reached its maximum speed due to gravitational acceleration. At this point, the car's kinetic energy will be at its peak before any external forces start to slow it down as it goes uphill.
A sled goes down a hill due to the force of gravity pulling it downward. As the hill is sloped, the force is stronger in that direction, causing the sled to slide downwards. Friction between the sled and the hill also helps to slow down the descent.