Examples of thermal heat include the heat emitted from vehicles, industrial processes, and buildings. This excess heat can contribute to urban heat islands, where cities are significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. It can also lead to increased energy consumption for cooling, air pollution, and negative impacts on wildlife and ecosystems.
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Thermal diffusivity measures how quickly heat can spread through a material, while thermal conductivity measures how well a material can conduct heat. A material with high thermal diffusivity can quickly distribute heat, while a material with high thermal conductivity can efficiently transfer heat. Both properties affect how a material responds to changes in temperature and how heat is transferred within it.
Three properties that affect thermal energy are temperature, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity. Temperature refers to the average kinetic energy of particles, specific heat capacity is the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a substance, and thermal conductivity determines how well a material can transfer heat.
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Two examples of good conductors of thermal energy are metals such as copper and aluminum. These materials have high thermal conductivity, meaning they can efficiently transfer heat energy.
Examples of thermal conductors include metals such as copper, aluminum, and iron, as well as materials like graphite and carbon steel. These materials are good conductors of heat because they have high thermal conductivity, allowing heat to flow through them easily.