Step 1:
Look at the back of the solar panels or consult the manual that came with them. Note the maximum power voltage (Vmp) in volts (V) and the maximum power current (Imp) in amps (A). Multiply the two numbers together to calculate the maximum power of the solar panel in watts (W). For instance, if Vmp is 17.2 V and Imp is 1.17 A, multiply 17.2 by 1.17. The product of these two numbers -- the wattage -- is 20.12 watts (W). The rated power of this particular solar panel would be specified as 20 W.
Step 2:
Manufacturers measure the maximum power voltage and current at standard conditions of temperature and insolation. The electrical power that a solar panel connected in the home generates will, most of the time, be less than this maximum level. Consult the specification sheet for the solar panels. Look for diagrams called "I-V curves." These diagrams show how the power of a solar panel is lower when there is less sunshine and when the temperature of the cells is above 77 degrees Fahrenheit.
Step 3:
If your solar panels are producing electricity in the home, you can measure the electrical power directly. Use a digital multimeter to measure the direct-current (DC) voltage produced by the solar panels at the point where they are connected to the charge controller. Write down the voltage measured in volts.
Step 4:
Measure the DC current in the circuit using the digital multimeter. Follow carefully the instructions in the multimeter manual for this procedure. Write down the current measured in amps. Multiply the voltage by the current to calculate the electrical power in watts.
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WarningsBe very careful when measuring the voltage and current produced by the solar panels. If you have several panels connected together, you should consult a qualified electrician
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