Yes. In order to be considered a tornado the vortex, though not necessarily the visible funnel, mus touch the ground.
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No, tornadoes do not have to touch the ground to be considered a tornado. A tornado is considered to be a rotating column of air that extends from the base of a thunderstorm to the ground. However, not all tornadoes reach the ground, and those that do are most likely considered more dangerous.
Techincally, 100%. If it does not touch the ground it is not considered a tornado. The number of potential tornadoes that do not touch down is not known, as these weaker circulations are often difficult to detect.
By definition a tornado must be in contact with both the ground and the cloud base. So, in that sense, yeas. But this only means that the violent circulation must make this connection, not necessarily the visible funnel. Additionally, sometimes a tornado starts to form, but dissipates before touching down, but in that case it is not considered a tornado.
Tornadoes that are on the ground are simply referred to as tornadoes.
Tornadoes form when there is a change in wind direction and speed along with atmospheric instability. This creates a rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground, causing the tornado to touch down and form.
Tornadoes can vary in width, but the narrowest tornadoes can be as thin as a few meters at the ground. These thin tornadoes are often referred to as rope tornadoes because of their slender and elongated shape.