Newton's first law of motion states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force. An example of this is a soccer ball sitting on the ground will not move unless someone kicks it, and once kicked, it will continue to move until friction or another force stops it.
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An example that illustrates Newton's first law of motion is a car continuing to move forward at a constant speed when the driver takes their foot off the gas pedal. This is because an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
An example that illustrates Newton's third law of motion is when a person jumps off a boat onto a dock. The person exerts a force on the dock in one direction, and the dock exerts an equal and opposite force back on the person, causing the person to move in the opposite direction and land safely on the dock.
A moving car has kinetic energy as it is in motion. Its speed and mass determine the amount of kinetic energy it possesses.
An example of Newton's Third Law of Motion is when a person jumps off a diving board. As the person pushes down on the diving board (action force), the diving board pushes back with an equal force, propelling the person into the air (reaction force). This demonstrates the principle that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
The statement "rest and motion are relative terms" means that whether an object is considered at rest or in motion depends on the observer's frame of reference. For example, a person sitting on a bus is at rest relative to the bus, but in motion relative to a person standing on the street. This illustrates that rest and motion are relative concepts.