Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet were the "fruit of the loins", so to say, of the rival families in Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet".
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In the prologue to Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare says, "From forth the fatal loins of these two foes a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life." "Star-crossed" is an allusion to astrology and basically means unlucky.
Usually we think of verse in terms of lines, and sometimes it takes several lines to make a sentence. "Two households, both alike in dignity in fair Verona where we lay our scene, from ancient grudge break to new mutiny, where civil blood makes civil hands unclean." That's the first one. "From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life, whose misadventure piteous o'erthows do, with their deaths, bury their parents' strife." That's the second one.
They are just very important because of the hierarchy of Shakespeare's beliefs and his thoughts on the world around himself. You didn't read it before writing that answer, did you? Here are the lines: "From forth the fatal loins of these two foes a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life." They are important because they contain the most famous phrase in the whole prologue, the words that identify Romeo and Juliet, the children of the feuding families, as the "star-crossed lovers" who will be at the centre of the plot in this play.
"Loins" means thighs. When Shakespeare uses it, it is like scissors and trousers: it is always plural. (Whoever heard of a scissor or a trouser?) Also when Shakespeare uses it, it is rarely literal. In King Lear Edgar says "I'll blanket my loins" meaning that he will wear a blanket around his thighs. Mostly though, because the sex organs are near the thighs, the loins are used as a figurative representation by means of a kind of synechdoche of the ability of a person to reproduce. In Hamlet, it's used both ways at the same time, when the player talks about there being about Hecuba's "lank and all o'erteemed loins a blanket": the blanket covers her thighs and they have given birth to many children. So in the prologue to Romeo and Juliet, when it says "From forth the fatal loins of these two foes a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life" they mean that from the sex organs of the leaders of the feud two children are generated or, if you leave off the synechdoche, two children will be born to the leaders of the feud. Shakespeare did use the word thigh as well. In Act II Scene 1 of Romeo and Juliet Mercutio says "I conjure thee by Rosaline's . . . quivering thigh, and the demesnes that there adjacent lie."
"In fair Verona where we lay our scene": the play takes place in Verona. "Two households . . . break to new mutiny.": Two families are fighting. "A pair of star-crossed lovers": There are a couple of unlucky lovers in this play. "From forth the fatal loins of these two foes": And the lovers come from the warring families, apparently. "Do with their deaths": The unlucky lovers will die "Do . . . bury their parents' strife.": But the fighting will end because they died.