The servant in Act 1 Scene 2 is not identified as Peter, and may in fact be another servant. The servant in Act 1 Scene 2 is illiterate and has been given something to read.
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He can't read the letter Lord Capulet gave him
The servant cannot read the names of the people invited the Capulet house part.
The servant in Act 1 scene 2 of Romeo and Juliet has the problem of being illiterate.
No, both Peter and the Nurse are Capulet's servants. Peter's job in Act 2 Scene 4 is to act as a sort of bodyguard to the Nurse. The Nurse sure treats Peter as if he were her servant, though. "My fan, Peter" shows us that she has him carrying her things so he can produce them on command. Of course the Nurse bosses everyone around, even Mr. and Mrs. Capulet.
In Act I Scene ii of Romeo and Juliet, Capulet gives his servant a list of the people he wants to invite to the party, ordering him to ask all of those people to come. Unfortunately the servant is illiterate.
The illiterate servant in Act 1 may indeed be the same person as Peter in Act 2 or at the end of Act 4, although the texts do not give his name. The illiterate servant is illiterate and has to deliver a notice to everyone on a written list which Capulet has given him. Clearly he needs help from someone who can read, and Romeo and Benvolio appear to fit the bill, and do.
It is actually not that brief, being much longer than the scene that precedes it. But this is the scene when Paris arrives for his wedding and finds that, earlier in the scene, his bride-to-be has been found dead in her bed. As you might imagine, much wailing and gnashing of teeth ensues. The comic servant Peter comes on at the end and lightens the scene a bit by talking lightheartedly to the musicians hired for the wedding.